Humanity’s First Exam1850–1940 ⇄ now

1914 · English

The World Set Free

H. G. Wells

3 selected passages and classifications

Passage 1

In a little while the mere absence of occupation for so great a multitude of people everywhere became an evident social danger, and the government was obliged to resort to such devices as simple decorative work in wood and stone, the manufacture of hand-woven textiles, fruit-growing, flower-growing, and landscape gardening on a grand scale to keep the less adaptable out of mischief, and of paying wages to the younger adults for attendance at schools that would equip them to use the new atomic machinery.... So quite insensibly the council drifted into a complete reorganisation of urban and industrial life, and indeed of the entire social system. Ideas that are unhampered by political intrigue or financial considerations have a sweeping way with them, and before a year was out the records of the council show clearly that it was rising to its enormous opportunity, and partly through its own direct control and partly through a series of specific committees, it was planning a new common social order for the entire population of the earth.

The passage presents technological unemployment as a social danger and describes a government-led reorganization of work, education, and urban life. It treats centralized planning as a response to unequal economic conditions, while leaving the effects on human autonomy mixed: people gain education and material security, but their occupations and social arrangements become increasingly directed by institutions.

Local word range 48636–49060

Passage 2

It would mean a change in human conditions that I can only compare to the discovery of fire, that first discovery that lifted man above the brute. We stand to-day towards radio-activity as our ancestor stood towards fire before he had learnt to make it. He knew it then only as a strange thing utterly beyond his control, a flare on the crest of the volcano, a red destruction that poured through the forest. So it is that we know radio-activity to-day. This—this is the dawn of a new day in human living.

Wells frames a new energy technology as a civilizational threshold whose promise is inseparable from its present lack of human control.

Book I, chapter on Holsten’s lecture on atomic energy

Passage 3

The stuff exercised an irresistible fascination upon a certain type of mind. Why should any one give in while he can still destroy his enemies? Surrender? While there is still a chance of blowing them to dust? The power of destruction which had once been the ultimate privilege of government was now the only power left in the world—and it was everywhere.

The catastrophe is political rather than merely technical: widely distributed destructive capacity makes restraint irrational for actors still pursuing victory.

Book II, “The Last War,” section on the global proliferation of atomic bombs

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