Passage 1
Our race-destiny is thoroughly incapable, I am happy to say, of furnishing a destiny for the individual man. We are not the race, but individuals embraced in it; and though there is beyond doubt a race-destiny for man, there is no such thing as an individual destiny. Human individuality is constituted by freedom and rationality; and if therefore a certain destiny were imposed upon it to fulfil, either by deity or demon, it would immediately collapse. ... the individual man, because he is by creation free and rational, is ipso facto the arbiter of his own spiritual life and character.
Free will and automatismMoral responsibilityeffective will · advancesautomatism · rejectsReligion and theologyMetaphysics of mind and lifeEnlarges autonomyIndividualMind and body
James Sr. equates imposed destiny with the collapse of individual agency, grounding effective freedom in a theological account of personhood.
Letter 1, pp. 5–6, individual freedom and destiny