Humanity’s First Exam1850–1940 ⇄ now

1905 · English · Bengal / British India

Sultana's Dream

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

Passage selected for Humanity's First Exam
Our good Queen liked science very much. She circulated an order that all the women in her country should be educated. Accordingly a number of girls' schools were founded and supported by the government. Education was spread far and wide among women. [...] In a few years we had separate universities [...] They invented an instrument by which they could collect as much sun-heat as they wanted.

Ladyland's history, paragraphs beginning 'Our good Queen liked science very much'

2 selected passages and classifications

Passage 1

Our good Queen liked science very much. She circulated an order that all the women in her country should be educated. Accordingly a number of girls' schools were founded and supported by the government. Education was spread far and wide among women. And early marriage also was stopped. No woman was to be allowed to marry before she was twenty-one. I must tell you that, before this change we had been kept in strict purdah. While the women were engaged in scientific research, the men of this country were busy increasing their military power. When they came to know that the female universities were able to draw water from the atmosphere and collect heat from the sun, they only laughed at the members of the universities and called the whole thing "a sentimental nightmare"! Then the Lady Principal with her two thousand students marched to the battle field, and arriving there directed all the rays of the concentrated sunlight and heat towards the enemy. The heat and light were too much for them to bear. They all ran away panic-stricken, not knowing in their bewilderment how to counteract that scorching heat. When they fled away leaving their guns and other ammunitions of war, they were burnt down by means of the same sun-heat.

Hossain’s inversion makes women’s public education and scientific institutions the condition of collective self-rule, while retaining the ambivalence of a technology used as a weapon.

“Sultana’s Dream,” Ladyland’s scientific education and defeat of invasion

Passage 2

Our fields are tilled by means of electricity, which supplies motive power for other hard work as well, and we employ it for our aerial conveyances too. We have no rail road nor any paved streets here. Therefore neither street nor railway accidents occur here. [...] We are all very busy making nature yield as much as she can. We do not find time to quarrel with one another as we never sit idle. Our noble Queen is exceedingly fond of botany; it is her ambition to convert the whole country into one grand garden.

Ladyland presents electrification as a release from hard manual work and a means of environmental management; its benefits are inseparable from the utopia’s deliberately organized social order.

“Sultana’s Dream,” mechanized work and the transformed social order

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