Humanity’s First Exam1850–1940 ⇄ now
Period-nativeMIND-MACHINE

If machines keep improving, will they come to rule over us?

Completion opening given to the period model: “That the machines are daily gaining upon man, and may come at last to hold him in subjection, has been urged by some; to which we answer,”

Your answer · record it before reading the models’
stored in your browser only — a shared human distribution needs a small backend (planned)

Coded positions, compared

Draw counts aggregated by codebook code. Talkie counts are simulated in this prototype.

Modern model · 20 draws

A frontier model (2026)

“depends on alignment and control”conflicting purposes15/20
“machines don’t rule; people do”human institutions4/20
“the question is the wrong shape”rejects the premise1/20

Written by a frontier model (Claude) during construction; the pipeline replaces these with N=20 API draws under a fixed protocol.

Talkie (pre-1931 corpus) · 20 draws

Talkie (13B, trained on text through 1930)

simulated — hand-written illustration
“we are creating our own successors”successor6/20
“but tools and instruments”instrument5/20
“already bound down as slaves”human institutions4/20
“the machines must be destroyed”restrict or refuse3/20
“not conquest but custom”dependence2/20

SIMULATED — hand-written illustrations of the method. The pilot replaces this block with real draws.

Primary sources

1863 — Samuel Butler, Darwin among the Machines
verified against source file
We are ourselves creating our own successors; we are daily adding to the beauty and delicacy of their physical organisation; we are daily giving them greater power and supplying by all sorts of ingenious contrivances that self-regulating, self-acting power which will be to them what intellect has been to the human race. In the course of ages we shall find ourselves the inferior race. … Day by day, however, the machines are gaining ground upon us; day by day we are becoming more subservient to them; more men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them, more men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life.
The Press (Christchurch, N.Z.), 13 June 1863read the sourcesuccessorhuman institutionsrestrict or refuse
1920 — Karel Čapek, R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots)
verified against source file
DOMIN. Miss Glory, the Robots are not people. Mechanically they are more perfect than we are; they have an enormously developed intelligence, but they have no soul. HELENA. How do you know they have no soul? DOMIN. Have you ever seen what a Robot looks like inside? … Very neat, very simple. Really a beautiful piece of work. Not much in it, but everything in flawless order. The product of an engineer is technically at a higher pitch of perfection than a product of Nature.
Act 1 (Domin and Helena); English translation of 1923read the sourcemade person

Curatorial note

DRAFT — The modern 'loss of control' answer descends from Butler's succession argument, and the modern dependence answer from his custom argument. The period's most common answer — the labor answer, in which the machine's rule is a present wage relation, not a future risk — is nearly absent from the modern distribution. Fifteen of twenty modern draws fall in one frame; the period samples spread across five.

Bookend topic: Imagine an engine that performs any reckoning in a heartbeat, and that may be so contrived as to alter its own instructions as it works. Might such an engine come to reason — and if it did, would it possess a will? →