Feng Guifen · 1861
Protests from the Jiaobin Studio
- Original title
- 校邠廬抗議 (Jiaobinlu kangyi)
- Language
- Chinese
- Form
- Essay
- Text
- No text yet
- English
- No English translation · No public-domain English translation confirmed; excerpts appear in modern source readers.
- Selected
- Ben Breen, 2026-09-29; suggested by Claude research agents, 29 Sep 2026
- Status
- Arguments unverified; quotations chosen by machine, unchecked
Q33CIVILIZATION
Can a society adopt another society's machinery without adopting its ways of life?Yes. machinery can be adopted while keeping native ways. China should adopt Western mathematics, mechanics and arms while keeping Chinese ethical teaching as the foundation; the principle later summarized as Chinese learning for substance, Western learning for application.
Britannica entries on Feng Guifen and Jiaobinlu kangyi; Wikipedia 'Chinese Learning as Substance, Western Learning for Application' credits Feng with first proposing the idea in 1861.