219 works selected for the 40 candidate questions. Selections approved by Ben Breen, 29 September 2026. Arguments are unverified. Quotations were chosen by machine and are unchecked.
2 of 219 works
1553LoyolaLoyola,Letter on Perfect Obedience (to the Jesuits of Portugal)SpanishLetterFull text
- Q21Can repeated obedience train a person to obey without judgment?
Yes. Obedience should reach the third degree, obedience of the understanding: the subject submits his own judgment to the superior's and accepts commands blindly.
- Q21Can repeated obedience train a person to obey without judgment?
1914QuevedoQuevedo,Essays on AutomaticsSpanishPeriodicalFull text
Leonardo Torres Quevedo
Ensayos sobre automática: su definición, extensión teórica de sus aplicaciones
Spanish · Periodical
Full text · No English translation
Open source →- Q02Would a machine's ability to converse appropriately be sufficient evidence that it thinks?
No. Torres argues that appropriate replies need not involve the automaton’s own reasoning: the constructor could prearrange them. The restored paragraph compares the practical difficulty with constructing a lifelike animal. This is a theoretical construction, not a report of a built conversational machine.
- Q03Can a machine exercise judgment when faced with circumstances its maker did not anticipate?
Yes. Torres rejects the mental/manual distinction and proposes automata whose actions are determined by circumstances under rules fixed at construction. Arbitrariamente means rules freely specified by the constructor, not random conduct. This passage does not establish learning beyond anticipated cases.
- Q02Would a machine's ability to converse appropriately be sufficient evidence that it thinks?